Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition that can gradually rob you of your central vision. It is often associated with aging and is the leading cause of vision loss among people aged 60 and older. It is essential to gain an understanding of AMD, its types, causes, symptoms, how it can be prevented and treated to maintain optimal vision.
 

Types of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

There are two types of age-related macular degeneration: Dry AMD and Wet AMD. Dry AMD is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of all cases. In this type, the macula thins over time, and drusen, tiny clumps of protein, begin to accumulate. You may initially have few symptoms, but as the condition progresses, you may lose more and more of your central vision.
 

Wet AMD is less common but much more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow underneath the macula. These vessels can leak fluid and blood, causing scarring of the macula and leading to rapid and severe vision loss. If you have wet AMD, you may experience a sudden distortion or loss of central vision.
 

Both types of AMD can occur in one or both eyes. It is also possible for a dry AMD to progress to a wet AMD over time. However, not everyone with dry AMD will develop the wet form of the disease.
 

Causes of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

The exact causes of age-related macular degeneration are not fully understood. However, several risk factors have been identified. Age is the most significant risk factor, with the disease most commonly affecting people over the age of 60.
 

Genetics also play a role in the development of AMD. If you have a family history of the disease, your risk of developing it is higher. Certain genetic factors have been linked to an increased risk of AMD.
 

Lifestyle factors also contribute to the development of AMD. Smoking, for instance, can double the risk of the disease. A diet low in fruits and vegetables, high in saturated fat, and lack of physical activity can also increase your risk of developing AMD. High blood pressure, obesity, and exposure to sunlight may also contribute to the disease.
 

Symptoms of AMD

Recognizing the symptoms of age-related macular degeneration early can help slow the progression of the disease and preserve your vision. One of the first symptoms of AMD is blurriness or distortion in your central vision. You may notice that straight lines appear wavy or bent, or you may have a dark, empty area in the center of your vision.
 

Other symptoms of AMD include difficulty recognizing faces or seeing objects clearly. You may also find it harder to adapt to low light levels, such as when entering a dimly lit room. Colors may seem less bright than before, and you may need more light for reading or other close-up tasks.
 

It's important to remember that these symptoms can also be caused by other eye conditions. If you notice any changes in your vision, it's crucial to schedule an eye exam to get a proper diagnosis.
 

Prevention Strategies

While you can't control certain risk factors for AMD, such as age and genetics, you can control others. Lifestyle changes can help reduce your risk of developing the disease.
 

Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fish can help protect your eyes. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can also lower your risk of AMD. If you smoke, quitting can significantly reduce your risk of developing the disease.
 

Regular eye exams are crucial for detecting AMD early and slowing its progression. During an eye exam, your eye doctor can look for early signs of the disease, even before you notice any changes in your vision.
 

Medical Treatment Options

While there's currently no cure for age-related macular degeneration, certain treatments can help slow the disease's progression and preserve vision.
 

For dry AMD, treatment often focuses on slowing the disease's progression through nutritional supplements. Studies have shown that a specific blend of vitamins and minerals known as AREDS can slow the progression of the disease in some people with moderate to severe dry AMD.
 

For wet AMD, treatments aim to stop the growth of new blood vessels and prevent leakage from the abnormal vessels. These treatments include injections of drugs into the eye, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy.
 

Conclusion

Age-related macular degeneration is a common eye condition that can lead to significant vision loss. Understanding the types, causes, and symptoms of the disease can help you recognize it early and take steps to slow its progression. Lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking can reduce your risk of developing AMD. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment.
 

To learn more on the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for age-related macular degeneration, visit Raleigh Eye Center at our Raleigh, Durham, Reidsville, Henderson, North Carolina, or South Hill, Virginia, offices. Call (919) 899-2472, (919) 876-2427 or (252) 492-8021 to schedule an appointment today.